The Role of Cognitive Distortions related Academic Achievement in Predicting the Depression, Stress and Anxiety Levels of Adolescents
Abstract views: 719 / PDF downloads: 303
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.1000210Keywords:
Adolescence, Cognitive Distortions Related to Academic Achievement, Depression, Anxiety, StressAbstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the predictive power of the cognitive distortions related academic success, concerning the depression, stress and anxiety levels of adolescents. The sample of research consists of 411 people, 192 (46,7 %) were female, 219 (53,3 %) were male with 203 (49,4%) of the group continuing their education at academic high school whereas 208 (50,6 %) were vocational high school students. The study data was obtained by using the Personal Information Form, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-42) – High School Form and Cognitive Distortions Scale related to Academic Achievement (CDS-AA). The t-test, ANOVA and simple linear regression analysis were used in analyzing the data. It was observed that cognitive distortions related with academic success, one of the research variables, did not differ according to gender, class level and receiving out-of-school academic support. On the other hand, it was seen that, depression, anxiety and stress scores differed significantly in terms of gender, class level and receiving out-of-school academic support. Finally, it was observed that cognitive distortions related to academic achievement is a statistically significant predictor of depression, anxiety and stress.
References
• Akkuş-Çutuk, Z., & Kaya, M. (2018). Depresyon, anksiyete ve stres ölçeği (DASS-42) lise formu: Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 17(68):1327-1336.
• Andiç, S. (2013). Ergenlik döneminde zihni meşgul eden konularla ilişkili değişkenler: Bağlanma tarzları, öz-şefkat ve psikolojik belirtiler. (Unpublished master thesis), Ankara University, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
• Anlayışlı, C. & Serin, N. B. (2019). Lise öğrencilerinde internet bağımlılığı ve depresyonun cinsiyet, akademik başarı ve internete giriş süreleri açısından incelenmesi. Folklor/edebiyat, 25(97), 753-767.
• Atkinson, P. B. (2011). Exploring correlations between writing apprehension, academic rational beliefs, and stress and coping behaviors in college students. Proceedings of the New York State Communication Association, 2010, 1-24. http://docs.rwu.edu/nyscaproceedings/vol2010/iss1/1
• Balkıs, M., & Duru, E. (2020).Gender differences in the organizational structure of the rational/ırrational beliefs in depressive symptoms. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 38, 272-294.
• Balkıs, M. (2013). Academic procrastination, academic life satisfaction and academic achievement: The mediation role of rational beliefs about studying. Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies, 13(1), 19.
• Balkıs, M., Duru, E., & Bulus, M. (2013). Analysis of the relation between academic procrastination, academic rational/irrational beliefs, time preferences to study for exams, and academic achievement: A structural model. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 28(3), 825–839. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-012-0142-5
• Barrett, P. M., Duffy, A. L., Dadds, M. R., & Rapee, R. M. (2001). Cognitive–behavioral treatment of anxiety disorders in children: Long-term (6-year) follow-up. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69(1), 135.
• Başol, G., & Zabun, E. (2014). The predictors of success in turkish high school placement exams: exam prep courses, perfectionism, parental attitudes and test anxiety. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 14(1),78-87. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2014.1.1980
• Beck, A. T. (1979). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. Penguin.
• Beck, J. S. (2006).Bilişsel davranışçı terapi: Temelleri ve ötesi. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
• Bilgel, N. & Bayram, N. (2010). Turkish version of the depression anxiety stress scale (DASS-42): Psychometric Properties. Archives of Neuropsychiatry/Noropsikiatri Arşivi, 47(2):118-126.
• Bilgin, M. (2004). Bilişsel üçlü ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(21), 35-41.
• Boyd, C. P., Gullone, E., Kostanski, M., Ollendick, T. H., & Shek, D. T. L. (2000). Prevalence of anxiety and depression in australian adolescents: Comparisons with worldwide data. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 161(4), 479-492. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221320009596726
• Bozkurt, N. (2004). Bir grup üniversite öğrencisinin depresyon ve kaygı düzeyleri ile çeşitli değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler. Eğitim ve Bilim, 29(133), 52-59.
• Browne, C. M., Dowd, E. T., & Freeman, A. (2010). Rational and irrational beliefs and psychopathology. Rational and irrational beliefs: Research, theory, and clinical practice, 149-172.
• Buğa, A. & Hamamcı, Z. (2020). Bilişsel davranışçı terapiler ve teknolojik uygulamalar. (Hamamcı, Z. & Türk, F., Eds.). Geçmişten geleceğe bilişsel davranışçı terapi. Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
• Buschmann, T., Horn, R. A., Blankenship, V. R., Garcia, Y. E., & Bohan, K. B. (2018). The relationship between automatic thoughts and irrational beliefs predicting anxiety and depression. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 36(2), 137-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-017-0278-y
• Butler, A.C., Chapman, J.E., Forman, E.M. & Beck, A.T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 17-31.
• Cengiz, S. (2017). Ergenlerde duygusal tepkisellik, bilişsel çarpıtmalar ve depresyon arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. (Unpublished master thesis). Atatürk University, Erzurum.
• Compton, S. N., March, J. S., Brent, D., Albano, A. M., Weersing, V. R., & Curry, J. (2004). Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for anxiety and depressive disorders in children and adolescents: An evidence-based medicine review. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(8), 930–959.
• Costello, E. J., Mustillo, S., Erkanli, A., Keeler, G., & Angold, A. (2003).Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(8), 837–844. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.8.837
• Craske, M. G. (2003). Origins of phobias and anxiety disorders: Why more women than men? Elsevier.
• Çelikkaleli, Ö.,& Kaya, S. (2016). University students’ interpersonal cognitive distortions, psychological resilience, and emotional self-efficacy according to sex and gender roles. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, 6(2), 187–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.14527/pegegog.2016.011
• Çetin, N. & Ceyhan, E. (2018). Lise öğrencilerinin akademik erteleme davranışlarının sürekli kaygı, akılcı olmayan inanç, öz düzenleme ve akademik başarı ile ilişkisi. Hacettepe University Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi,33(2),460-479.
• Çivilidağ, A. (2013). Gelişim süreci odağında ergenlik psikolojisi. Nobel Yayıncılık.
• Çivitçi, A. (2006). Ergenler için mantıkdışı inançlar ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(25):69-80.
• Deal, S. L., & Williams, J. E. (1988). Cognitive distortions as mediators between life stres and depression in adolescents. Adolescence, 23(90), 477-490.
• Dhanalakshmi, D. (2015). Perceived stress, cognitive distortion, sense of coherence and health among college students.Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 6(3), 287.
• Dobson, K.S. & Dozois, D.J.A. (2010). Historical and philosophical bases of the cognitive- behavioral therapies. Dobson, K.S. (Ed.). In Handbook of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies,. Guilford Publications.
• Eskin, M., Ertekin, K., Harlak, H., & Dereboy, Ç. (2008). Lise öğrencisi ergenlerde depresyonun yaygınlığı ve ilişkili olduğu etmenler. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 19(4), 382-389.
• Güvendir, M. A. (2014). Öğrenci başarılarının belirlenmesi sınavında öğrenci ve okul özelliklerinin türkçe başarısı ile ilişkisi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 39(172), Article 172. http://213.14.10.181/index.php/EB/article/view/2839
• Huang, C. (2015). Academic achievement and subsequent depression: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(2), 434–442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9855-6
• Kanlı, E. (2011). Üstün zekâlı ve normal ergenlerin mükemmeliyetçilik, depresyon ve kaygı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. M.Ü. Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 33, 103-121.
• Kapali, G. D., Neupane, S., & Panta, G. (2019). A Study on academic stress, parent adolescent relationship with parents and academic achievement of adolescent students. Journal of Health and Allied Sciences, 9(2), 70–74. https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.133
• Karaman, H. (2018). 15-18 yaş ergenlerde akilci olmayan inançlar ve psikolojik belirtiler. (Unpublished master thesis), Nişantaşı University,Istanbul.
• Kaya, İ. (2018). Akademik başarıya ilişkin bilişsel çarpıtmalar ölçeğinin (ABİBÇÖ) geliştirilmesi. Mersin University Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(3), 1082-1098.
• Khesht-Masjedi, M. F., Shokrgozar, S., Abdollahi, E., Habibi, B., Asghari, T., Ofoghi, R. S., & Pazhooman, S. (2019). The relationship between gender, age, anxiety, depression, and academic achievement among teenagers. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 8(3), 799–804. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_103_18
• Körük, S. (2016). Ergenlerde riskli davranışların güvensiz bağlanma ve algılanan sosyal destek tarafından yordanmasında psikolojik belirtilerin aracı rolü. (Unpublished master thesis), Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir.
• Leahy, R.L. (2007). Bilişsel terapi yöntemleri. Türkçapar, H. & Köroğlu, E. (Çev.), HYB Yayıncılık.
• Leech, N. L., Barrett, K. C., & Morgan, G. A. (2005).Spss for intermediate statistics: Use and implementation. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
• Leung, P. W. L. & Poon, M. W. L. (2001). Dysfunctional schemas and cognitive distortions in psychopathology: A test of the specificity hypothesis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42(6), 755-765.
• Lewinsohn, P. M., Gotlib, I. H., Lewinsohn, M., Seeley, J. R., & Allen, N. B. (1998).Gender differences in anxiety disorders and anxiety symptoms in adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107(1), 109–117. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.107.1.109 Liu, Y., & Lu, Z. (2011).The Chinese high school student’s stress in the school and academic achievement. Educational Psychology, 31(1), 27-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2010.513959
• Marcotte, D.,Lévesque, N., &Fortin, L. (2006). Variations of cognitive distortions and school performance in depressed and non-depressed high school adolescents: A two-year longitudinal study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30: 211-225.
• Masten, A. S., Roisman, G. I., Long, J. D., Burt, K. B., Obradović, J., Riley, J. R., Boelcke-Stennes, K., & Tellegen, A. (2005). Developmental cascades: Linking academic achievement and externalizing and ınternalizing symptoms over 20 years. Developmental Psychology, 41(5), 733-746. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.41.5.733
• McArdle, J. J., Hamagami, F., Chang, J. Y., & Hishinuma, E. S. (2014). Longitudinal Dynamic Analyses of Depression and Academic Achievement in the Hawaiian High Schools Health Survey Using Contemporary Latent Variable Change Models. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 21(4), 608–629. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2014.919824
• Muñoz-Solomando, A., Kendall, T., & Whittington, C. J. (2008).Cognitive behavioural therapy for children and adolescents. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 21(4), 332. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e328305097c
• Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2002).Gender differences in depression.In Handbook of depression (pp. 492–509).The Guilford Press.
• Oltean, H.-R., & David, D. O. (2018).A meta-analysis of the relationship between rational beliefs and psychological distress. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 74(6), 883–895.
• ÖSYM (2019). 2019 YKS Yerleştirme Sonuçlarına İlişkin Sayısal Bilgiler. Erişim Tarihi: 16.05.2020. https://www.osym.gov.tr/TR,16889/2019-yks-yerlestirme-sonuclarina-iliskin-sayisal-bilgiler.html
• Özbay, Y. (2004). Gelişim ve öğrenme psikolojisi, kuram-araştırma-uygulama (5.Ed.). Pegem Yayıncılık.
• Petersen, A. C., Compas, B. E., Brooks-Gunn, J., Stemmler, M., Ey, S., & Grant, K. E. (1993).Depression in adolescence. American Psychologist, 48(2), 155–168. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.48.2.155
• Putwain, D. W., Connors, L. ve Symes, W. (2010). Do cognitive distortions mediate the test anxiety–examination performance relationship? Educational Psychology, 30(1), 11-26.
• Reinecke, M. A., Ryan, N. E., & DuBOIS, D. L. (1998). Cognitive-behavioral therapy of depression and depressive symptoms during adolescence: A review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(1), 26–34. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199801000-00013
• Savi-Cakar, F. (2014). The effect of automatic thoughts on hopelessness: Role of self-esteem as a mediator. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 14(5), 1682-1687.
• Seipp, B. (1991). Anxiety and academic performance: A meta-analysis of findings. Anxiety Research, 4(1), 27-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/08917779108248762
• Serin, N. B. & Topses, G. (2017). Lise öğrencilerinde görülen psikolojik belirtilerin cinsiyet ve akademik başarı açısından incelenmesi. Turkish Studies, 12 (18), 157-172.
• Sharma, G., & Pandey, D. (2017). Anxiety, depression, and stress in relation to academic achievement among higher secondary school students. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4(2), 82–89.
• Stallard, P. (2002). Think good-feel good: a cognitive behaviour therapy workbook for children and young people. John Wiley an Sons Ltd.
• Steinmayr, R., Crede, J., McElvany, N., & Wirthwein, L. (2016). Subjective well-being, test anxiety, academic achievement: Testing for reciprocal effects. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(1994). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01994
• Suadiye, Y., &Aydın, A. (2009).Anksiyete bozukluğu olan ergenlerde bilişsel hatalar. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 12(4), 172–179.
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2014).Using multivariate statistics (Pearson new international edition, sixth edition). Pearson. Tairi, T. (2020).Associations between cognitive errors and mental health status in New Zealand adolescents. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 48(3), 280-290. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465819000626
• Tekgül, N. (2015). Ergenlik döneminde bilişsel odaklı psikoeğitim programının kaygı düzeyi, akademik başarı ve bilişsel hatalar ile etkileşiminin incelenmesi. (Unpublished master thesis). Maltepe University. Istanbul.
• Tems, C. L., Stewart, S. M., Jr, J. R. S., Hughes, C. W., & Emslie, G. (1993). Cognitive distortions in depressed children and adolescents: Are they state dependent or traitlike? Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 22(3), 316–326. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp2203_2 Terán, V. G., Velásquez, E. E., & Fuentes, M. A. (2020). Irrational thinking and psychological distress: A cross-racial/ethnic examination. Personality and Individual Differences, 164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110102
• Tugan, S. E. (2015). Lise öğrencilerinde sınav kaygısı ve akademik başarı ilişkisi. Karaelmas Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 3, 98-106. http://ebd.beun.edu.tr/index.php/KEBD/article/view/62
• Türk, F., Buğa, A., Çekiç, A., & Hamamcı, Z. (2018). Bilişsel davranışçı yaklaşıma dayalı grup müdahalelerinin çocuk ve ergenlerin işlevsel olmayan düşünceleri üzerindeki etkisi: Meta analiz çalışması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 8(49), 45-61. Türkçapar, M.H., Sungur, M.Z. & Akdemir, A. (1995). Çocuk ve ergenlerde bilişsel terapiler. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 2(2):93-100.
• Türkleş, S., Hacıhasanoğlu, R., & Çapar, S. (2008). Lise öğrencilerinde depresyon düzeyi ve etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi. Atatürk üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 11(2), 18-28.
• Twenge, J. M., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2002). Age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, and birth cohort difference on the children’s depression inventory: A meta-analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111(4), 578.
• Usen, S. A., Eneh, G. A. & Udom, I. E. (2016).Cognitive distortion as predictor of ın-school adolescents’ depressive symptoms and academic performance in south-south, nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(17), 23-27.
• Vîslă, A., Flückiger, C., Holtforth, M. grosse, & David, D. (2016). Irrational beliefs and psychological distress: A meta-analysis. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 85(1), 8-15. https://doi.org/10.1159/000441231
• Wade, T. J., Cairney, J., & Pevalin, D. J. (2002). Emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence: National panel results from three countries. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(2), 190–198. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200202000-00013
• Ye, L., Posada, A., & Liu, Y. (2019). A review on the relationship between chinese adolescents’ stress and academic achievement. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2019 (163), 81–95. https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20265
• Ye, L., Posada, A., & Liu, Y. (2019). A review on the relationship between chinese adolescents’ stress and academic achievement. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2019(163), 81-95. https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20265
• Yıldız, M. A., Baytemir, K., & Demirtas, A. S. (2018). Irrational beliefs and perceived stress in adolescents: The role of self-esteem. Journal of Educational Sciences and Psychology, 8(1).
• Yonkers, K. A., Bruce, S. E., Dyck, I. R., & Keller, M. B. (2003). Chronicity, relapse, and illness—course of panic disorder, social phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder: Findings in men and women from 8 years of follow-up. Depression and Anxiety, 17(3), 173–179. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10106
• Zhang, W., Zhang, L., Chen, L., Ji, L., & Deater‐Deckard, K. (2019). Developmental changes in longitudinal associations between academic achievement and psychopathological symptoms from late childhood to middle adolescence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60(2), 178-188. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12927
• Zychinski, K. E., & Polo, A. J. (2012).academic achievement and depressive symptoms in low-ıncome latino youth. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21(4), 565–577. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-011-9509-5
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Ahmet BUĞA, İdris KAYA
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.