Mothers' Punishment Styles for Their Children: A Qualitative Study
Abstract views: 106
/ 
PDF downloads: 76
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52380/ijcer.2023.10.3.475Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the punishment behaviors used by mothers in the process of teaching behaviors to their children. For this purpose, data were collected from 26 mothers with at least one child between the ages of 3 and 11 using a semi-structured interview form. The collected data were analyzed by content analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was found that mothers used two different styles of punishment: Verbal/Physical Violence and Verbal/Physical Restraint. Verbal/Physical Restraint includes maternal behaviors such as restricting children's access to something they like or want, not talking to them at all or talking less, sending them to a different place and making them stay there for a while, and ignoring them audiovisually for a while. Verbal/Physical Violence includes maternal behaviors such as rebuking, threatening, beating, getting angry, raising her voice, yelling, and speaking harshly to children. The results of the study were discussed within the framework of the literature and recommendations were made.
References
Abolfotouh, M. A., El‐Bourgy, M. D., Seif El Din, A. G., & Mehanna, A. A. (2009). Corporal punishment: Mother's disciplinary behavior and child's psychological profile in Alexandria, Egypt. Journal of Forensic Nursing, 5(1), 5-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-3938.2009.01025.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-3938.2009.01025.x
Afifi, T. O., Mota, N. P., Dasiewicz, P., MacMillan, H. L., & Sareen, J. (2012). Physical punishment and mental disorders: Results from a nationally representative US sample. Pediatrics, 130(2), 184–192. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-2947 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-2947
Alegre, A. (2010). Parenting Styles and Children’s Emotional Intelligence: What do We Know? The Family Journal, 19(1), 56–62. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480710387486 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480710387486
Atli, A., Şad, S. N., & Özer, N. (2018). Anne-babaların ödüllendirme ve cezalandırma nedenleri, yöntemleri ve çocukları üzerindeki etkileri. II. Uluslararası Multidispliner Kongresi, 18, Adana, Turkey.
Atli, A., Şad, S. N., & Özer, N. (2022). A mixed methods approach to developing a scale on parents' practices to reward and punish their children. Istraživanja u pedagogiji, 12(2), 339-357. https://doi.org/10.5937/istrped2202339a DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/IstrPed2202339A
Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior. Child Development, 37(4), 887-907. https://doi.org/10.2307/1126611 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1126611
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Separation: Anger and anxiety (Vol. 2). Basic Books.
Brand, S., Hatzinger, M., Beck, J., & Holsboer‐Trachsler, E. (2009). Perceived parenting styles, personality traits and sleep patterns in adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 32(5), 1189–1207. Portico. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.01.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.01.010
Buldukoglu, K., & Kukulu, K. (2008). Maternal punishment practices in a rural area of Turkey. Child: Care, Health and Development, 34(2), 180–184. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2007.00780.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2007.00780.x
Burger, J. M. (2019). Personality. (Tenth ed.). Cengage Learning, Inc.
Buz, S., & Ülküer, N. S. (1988). 5-6 yaş arasındaki çocukların ana-babalarının ödüllendirme ve cezalandırma yöntemleri. Eğitim ve Bilim, 12(69), 56-62.
Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113(3), 487–496. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.487 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.487
Deković, M., & Meeus, W. (1997). Peer relations in adolescence: Effects of parenting and adolescents' self-concept. Journal of Adolescence, 20(2), 163-176. https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.1996.0074 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.1996.0074
DiScala, C., Sege, R., Li, G., & Reece, R. M. (2000). Child abuse and unintentional injuries: A 10-year retrospective. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 154(1), 16-22.
Donath, C., Graessel, E., Baier, D., Bleich, S., & Hillemacher, T. (2014). Is parenting style a predictor of suicide attempts in a representative sample of adolescents?. BMC Pediatrics, 14(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-14-113 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-14-113
Durivage, N., Keyes, K., Leray, E., Pez, O., Bitfoi, A., Koç, C., ... & Kovess-Masfety, V. (2015). Parental use of corporal punishment in Europe: Intersection between public health and policy. PloS One, 10(2), e0118059. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118059 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118059
Evans, S. Z., Simons, L. G., & Simons, R. L. (2012). The effect of corporal punishment and verbal abuse on delinquency: Mediating mechanisms. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41(8), 1095–1110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-012-9755-x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-012-9755-x
Gershoff, E. T. (2002). Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 128(4), 539–579. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.128.4.539 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.128.4.539
Gershoff, E. T. (2002a). Corporal punishment, physical abuse, and the burden of proof: Reply to Baumrind, Larzelere, and Cowan (2002), Holden (2002), and Parke (2002). Psychological Bulletin, 128(4), 602–611. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.128.4.602 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.128.4.602
Gershoff, E. T., Grogan‐Kaylor, A., Lansford, J. E., Chang, L., Zelli, A., Deater‐Deckard, K., & Dodge, K. A. (2010). Parent discipline practices in an international sample: Associations with child behaviors and moderation by perceived normativeness. Child Development, 81(2), 487-502. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01409.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01409.x
Grogan-Kaylor, A. (2005). Corporal punishment and the growth trajectory of children’s antisocial behavior. Child Maltreatment, 10(3), 283–292. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559505277803 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559505277803
Kopala-Sibley, D. C., Jelinek, C., Kessel, E. M., Frost, A., Allmann, A. E., & Klein, D. N. (2017). Parental depressive history, parenting styles, and child psychopathology over 6 years: The contribution of each parent's depressive history to the other's parenting styles. Development and Psychopathology, 29(4), 1469-1482. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579417000396 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579417000396
Kutlu, L., Batmaz, M., Bozkurt, G., Genctürk, N., & Gül, A. (2007). The relation between punishment methods applied to mothers in their own childhood and punishment methods applying to their children. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 8, 22-29.
Kvale, S. (1994). Interviews: An introduction to qualitative research interviewing. Sage Publications, Inc.
Lamborn, S. D., Mounts, N. S., Steinberg, L., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1991). Patterns of Competence and Adjustment among Adolescents from Authoritative, Authoritarian, Indulgent, and Neglectful Families. Child Development, 62(5), 1049–1065. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01588.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01588.x
Lansford, J. E., Alampay, L. P., Al-Hassan, S., Bacchini, D., Bombi, A. S., Bornstein, M. H., Chang, L., Deater-Deckard, K., Di Giunta, L., Dodge, K. A., Oburu, P., Pastorelli, C., Runyan, D. K., Skinner, A. T., Sorbring, E., Tapanya, S., Tirado, L. M. U., & Zelli, A. (2010). Corporal Punishment of Children in Nine Countries as a Function of Child Gender and Parent Gender. International Journal of Pediatrics, 2010, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/672780 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/672780
Lansford, J. E., Criss, M. M., Laird, R. D., Shaw, D. S., Pettit, G. S., Bates, J. E., et al. (2011). Reciprocal relations between parents’ physical discipline and children’s externalizing behavior during middle childhood and adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 23, 225–238. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579410000751 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579410000751
Larzelere, R. E., & Kuhn, B. R. (2005). Comparing child outcomes of physical punishment and alternative disciplinary tactics: A meta-analysis. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 8, 1-37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-005-2340-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-005-2340-z
Liu, X. (2019). Parenting styles and health risk behavior of left-behind children: The mediating effect of cognitive emotion regulation. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(3), 676–685. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01614-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01614-2
O’Byrne, K. K., Haddock, C. K., Poston, W. S., & Institute, M. A. H. (2002). Parenting style and adolescent smoking. Journal of Adolescent Health, 30(6), 418-425. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1054-139x(02)00370-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00370-1
Straus, M. & Mathur, A. (1996). Social change and the trends in approval of corporal punishment by parents from 1968 to 1994. In D. Frehsee, W. Horn & K. Bussmann (Ed.), Family violence against children: A challenge for society (pp. 91-106). Berlin, New York: De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110828030.91 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110828030.91
Straus, M. A., & Kantor, G. K. (1994). Corporal punishment of adolescents by parents: A risk factor in the epidemiology of depression, suicide, alcohol abuse, child abuse, and wife beating. Adolescence, 29(115), 543–561.
Straus, M. A., & Stewart, J. H. (1999). Corporal punishment by American parents: National data on prevalence, chronicity, severity, and duration, in relation to child and family characteristics. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 2(2), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1021891529770 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021891529770
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research. Sage publications.
Taylor, C. A., Manganello, J. A., Lee, S. J., & Rice, J. C. (2010). Mothers' spanking of 3-year-old children and subsequent risk of children's aggressive behavior. Pediatrics, 125(5), e1057-e1065. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-2678 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-2678
van der Horst, F. C. P., & van der Veer, R. (2010). The ontogeny of an idea: John Bowlby and contemporaries on mother–child separation. History of Psychology, 13(1), 25–45. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017660. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017660
Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. (9. Genişletilmiş Baskı). Seçkin Yayınevi.
Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., ve Weishaar, M. E. (2003). Schema therapy: A practitioner’s guide. The Guilford Press.
Zolotor, A. J., Theodore, A. D., Runyan, D. K., Chang, J. J., & Laskey, A. L. (2011). Corporal punishment and physical abuse: population‐based trends for three‐to‐11‐year‐old children in the United States. Child Abuse Review, 20(1), 57-66. https://doi.org/10.1002/car.1128 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/car.1128
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Hale Savci, Ferda Aysan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
