Scaffolding Preservice Teachers’ Professional use of Social Media Spaces: A Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) Project
Abstract
A growing number of Higher Education Faculty (HEF) are reimagining how they create learning spaces that prepare learners for rapid, complex, and uncertain societal transitions. Some have begun to embrace online, blended, and hybrid delivery models. Others are extending the metaphorical walls of their classrooms to include social media for formal and informal experiential learning. This paper is part of a more extensive Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) mixed method study, a proven and practical approach conducted at a university in rural Pennsylvania, US. We briefly describe survey data that yielded Contextual Knowledge (XK) related to 215 PSTs’ use of instructional technology and SM, personally or academically, in high school or college. Next, we describe how Author 1 used preliminary findings to redesign the digital instructional technology course that 17 education majors take during their freshman or sophomore year. The revised course provides PSTs with a (Socio)Material space mutually shaped by SM, teaching methods, and contexts. We describe how PSTs used three Performance-based Playlists to guide transition and professional engagement with teachers, principals and professional organizations on Facebook, X (previously called Twitter), and Instagram. Qualitative data collected after each situated learning experience highlights how this (Socio)Material space increased PSTs’ access to diverse voices and concerns, nurtured relationships, and enhanced their social awareness, responsibility, and accountability. This paper illustrates how educators can use the SoTL approach to learn more about students’ XK before making curricular changes. It also illustrated how discipline-specific Performance-based Playlists can be used to scaffold transitions, including, but not limited to, SM.
How to Cite
References
- Akyuz, D. (2023). Exploring contextual factors for pre-service teachers teaching with technology through planning, teaching, and reflecting. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 18(1), em0721. https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/12624
- Anderson, M. (2023, December 11). Teens, social media and technology 2023. Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech. Available at https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2023/12/11/teens-social-media-and-technology-2023/
- Ansari, J. A. N., & Khan, N. A. (2020). Exploring the role of social media in collaborative learning the new domain of learning. Smart Learning Environments, 7(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-020-00118-7
- Asarta, C. J., Bento, R., Fornaciari, C. J., Lund Dean, K., Arbaugh, J. B., & Hwang, A. (2018). The scholarship of teaching and learning: Changing the dominant narrative about (and in) research institutions. Journal of Management Education, 42(6), 731-748. https://doi.org/10.1177/10525629187772
- Aslam, R., Khan, N., & Ahmed, U. (2020). Technology integration and teachers' professional knowledge with reference to international society for technology in Education(ISTE)-standard: A causal study. Journal of Education and Educational Development, 7(2), 307-327.https://doi.org/10.22555/joeed.v7i2.31
- Boholano, H. B. (2017). Smart social networking: 21st Century teaching and learning skills. Istraživanja u Pedagogiji/Istraživanja u Pedagogiji, 7(2), 21–29.
- https://doi.org/10.17810/2015.45
- Boyer, E. L. (1990). Scholarship reconsidered: Priorities of the professoriate. Princeton, NJ: Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
- Bruner, L. & Hutchison, A. (2023). Rethinking text features in the digital age: teaching
- elementary students to navigate digital stories, websites, and videos. The Reading Teacher, 76(6), 747–756. https://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.2197
- Bruns, A. & Burgess, J., 2015. Twitter hashtags from ad hoc to calculated public. In N.
- Rambukkana, ed. Hashtagpublics: the power and politics of discursive networks. New York: Peter Lang, 13–28.
- Calderón-Garrido, D., & Gil-Fernández, R. (2022). Pre-service Teachers' Use of General Social Networking Sites Linked to Current Scenarios: Nature and Characteristics. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-022-09609-7
- Calderon, M. (2021). Supporting Career Readiness: A Qualitative Study of Practices High School Teachers Employ to Promote Digital Creation and Sharing (Order No. 28860922). Available from Dissertations & Theses @ Indiana University of Pennsylvania; ProQuest Central; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global; Social Science Premium Collection. (2618181450). https://proxy-iup.klnpa.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/supporting-career-readiness-qualitative-study/docview/2618181450/se-2
- Carpenter, J. P., & Harvey, S. (2019). “There's no referee on social media”: Challenges in educator professional social media use. Teaching and Teacher Education, 86, 102904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.102904
- Carpenter, J., Morrison, S., Craft, M., & Lee, M. (2019, March). Exploring how and why educators use Instagram. In Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 2686-2691). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
- Carpenter, J. P., Kimmons, R., Short, C. R., Clements, K., & Staples, M. E. (2019). Teacher identity and crossing the professional-personal divide on Twitter. Teaching and teacher education, 81, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.01.011
- Carpenter, J., Green, M., & Laflam, J. (2018). Just between us: Exclusive communications in online social networks. The Journal of Social Psychology, 158(4), 405-420. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2018.1431603
- Carpenter, J. P., Cook, M. P., Morrison, S. A., & Sams, B. L. (2017). “Why haven’t I tried Twitter until now?”: Using Twitter in teacher education. LEARNing Landscapes Journal, 11(1), 51–64. https://doi.org/10.36510/learnland.v11i1.922
- Caruana, V., & Montgomery, C. (2015). Understanding the transnational higher education landscape: Shifting positionality and the complexities of partnership. Learning and Teaching, 8(1), 5-29. https://doi.org/10.3167/latiss.2015.080102
- Chapman, A. L., & Marich, H. (2021). Using Twitter for civic education in K-12 classrooms.TechTrends, 65(1), 51-61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-020-00542-z
- Coman, C., Mesesan-Schmitz, L., Tiru, L. G., Grosseck, G., & Bularca, M. C. (2021). Dear student, what should I write on my wall? A case study on academic uses of Facebook and Instagram during the pandemic. PloS one, 16(9), e0257729. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257729
- Crompton, H., Burke, D., Gregory, K. H., & Gräbe, C. (2016). The use of mobile learning in science: A systematic review. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 25, 149-160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-015-9597-x
- Damico, N., & Krutka, D. G. (2018). Social media diaries and fasts: Educating for digital mindfulness with pre-service teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 73, 109-119.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2018.03.009
- Dyck, B. (2017). Reflecting on 25 years of teaching, research, and textbook writing
- for introduction to management: An essay with some lessons learned. Journal of
- Management Education, 41, 817-834.https://doi.org/10.1177/105256291769338
- Edmonson, S., & Irby, B. J. (2008). Ten tips for producing a top qualitative research study. Pearson/Allyn and Bacon.
- Elkington, S., & Bligh, B. (2019). Future learning spaces: Space, technology and pedagogy (Doctoral dissertation, Advance HE).
- Eubanks, L., Giles, M., Baker, S., & Willis, J. (2021, March). Social Media as an Educational Tool Among Preservice Teachers. In Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 1722-1737). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).https://www.iste.org/standards/iste-standards-for-teachers?_ga=2.73592466.1603484250.1676649825-295230333.1672211689
- Giannikas, C. (2020). Facebook in tertiary education: The impact of social media in e-Learning. Journal of university teaching & learning practice, 17(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.53761/1.17.1.3
- Glassick, C. E., Huber, M. T., & Maeroff, G. I. (1997). Scholarship assessed: Evaluation of the professoriate. John Wiley & Sons.
- Greenhalgh, S. P. (2021). Differences between teacher-focused Twitter hashtags and implications for professional development. Italian journal of educational technology, 29(1), 26-45. ps://doi.org/10.17471/2499-4324/1161
- Greenhalgh, S. P., & Koehler, M. J. (2019). Correction to: 28 Days Later: Twitter Hashtags as “Just in Time” Teacher Professional Development. TechTrends, 63(4), 499 499. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-016-0142-4
- Guntara, Y., & Utami, I. S. (2021). Measuring the classification of digital natives use digital natives assessment scale: The implementation on pre-service physics teachers in Banten-Indonesia and its implications. Jurnal Penelitian & Pengembangan Pendidikan Fisika, 7(2), 161-168. doi.org/10.21009/1.07208
- Hanc, J. (2016, June 23). Professors as teachers. The New York Times, p. F5.
- Hatch, J. A. (2002). Doing qualitative research in education settings. Ithaca: State University of New York Press.
- Hutchings, P., Huber, M. T., & Ciccone, A. (2011). The scholarship of teaching and learning reconsidered: Institutional integration and impact (Vol. 21). John Wiley & Sons.
- Hutchings, P & Shulman. L. S (1999). The Scholarship of Teaching: New Elaborations, New Developments. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning 31, no.5:10–15.https://doi.org/10.1080/00091389909604218
- Jin, Y., Clausen, J. M., Elkordy, A., Greene, K., & McVey, M. (2023). Modeling technology use for teacher candidates: Design principles for learning experiences in technology-infused preparation programs. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 23(1). https://citejournal.org/volume-23/issue-1-23/general/design-principles-for-modeled-experiences-in-technology-infused-teacher-preparation
- Jin, Y., Clausen, J. M., Elkordy, A., Greene, K., & McVey, M. (2023). Design principles for modeled experiences in technology-infused teacher preparation programs. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 23(1), 151-198.
- Jo Dixon, S. (2024, May 17). Number of social media users worldwide from 2017 to 2028(in billions). Statista. Retrieved June 27, 2024, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/278414/number-of-worldwide-social-network-users/
- Kahveci, N. G. (2015). Pre-service teachers’ conceptions on use of social media in social studies education. International Journal of Progressive Education, 11(1), 82-100.
- Kearney, M., Maher, D., & Pham, L. (2020). Investigating pre-service teachers’
- informally-developed online professional learning networks. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 36(1), 21-36. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.4766
- Kelly, S., Truong, M., Shahbaz, A., Earp, M., & White, J. (2017). Freedom on the Net 2017. Freedom House, 2020-02.
- Kelly, N., & Antonio, A. (2016). Teacher peer support in social network sites. Teaching and Teacher Education, 56, 138-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.02.007
- Koutsakas, P., Syritzidou, E., Karamatsouki, A., & Karagiannidis, C. (2019). Exploring the Role of Facebook as Collaboration Platform in a K-12 MOOC. In Technology and Innovation in Learning, Teaching and Education: First International Conference, TECH-EDU 2018, Thessaloniki, Greece, June 20–22, 2018, Revised Selected Papers 1 (pp. 31-48). Springer International Publishing.
- Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge University Press.
- Liu, C. W. (2021). A Case Study of Integrating ISTE Standards for Students into a High School PBL Course. Chung Cheng Educational Studies, 20(2), 121–159. 10.53106/168395522021122002004
- Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (2014). Designing qualitative research. Sage publications.
- Marshall, S. (2010). Change, technology and higher education: Are universities capable of organisational change? Australasian journal of educational technology, 26(8). https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.1018
- McGarr, O., & McDonagh, A. (2020). Exploring the digital competence of pre-service teachers on entry onto an initial teacher education programme in Ireland. Irish Educational Studies, 40(1), 115–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2020.1800501
- Miller, C. D. (2022). A Case Study of How Pre-K-12 School Leaders’ Knowledge, Skills, and Dispositions of the ISTE Standards Affect Learning Environments (Doctoral dissertation, Louisiana Tech University).
- Mishra, P. (2019). Considering contextual knowledge: The TPACK diagram gets an upgrade. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 35(2), 76-78. https://doi.org/10.1080/21532974.2019.1588611
- Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. J. (2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers College Record, 108(6), 1017.
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2006.00684.x
- Munoz, C., & Towner, T. (2009, March). Opening Facebook: How to use Facebook in the college classroom. In Society for information technology & teacher education international conference (pp. 2623-2627). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
- Nja, C. O., Anari, M. I., Erim, C. M., Idiege, K. J., Ilhami, A., Ukah, J. U., Eneyo, O. E., Uwe, U. E., & Cornelius-Ukpepi, B. U. (2023). Learning space, students' collaboration, educational outcomes, and interest: Exploring the physical, social and psychological mediators. Heliyon, 9(4), e15456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15456
- Poth, C., McCallum, K., & Tang, W. (2016). Teacher e-professionalism: An examination of western Canadian pre-service teachers’ perceptions, attitudes and Facebook behaviours. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 62, 39–60. https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/ index.php/ajer/article/view/56161
- Raman, A., Thannimalai, R., & Ismail, S. N. (2019). Principals' Technology Leadership and Its Effect on Teachers' Technology Integration in 21st Century Classrooms. International Journal of Instruction, 12(4), 423-442.https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12428a
- Ribble, M. (2015). Digital citizenship in schools: Nine elements all students should know. International Society for Technology in Education.
- Rosenberg, J. M., Greenhalgh, S. P., Koehler, M. J., Hamilton, E. R., & Akcaoglu, M. (2016). An investigation of state educational Twitter hashtags (SETHs) as affinity spaces. E-learning and Digital Media, 13(1-2), 24-44. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042753016672351
- Saldaña, J. (2021). Coding techniques for quantitative and mixed data. The Routledge reviewer’s guide to mixed methods analysis, 151-160.
- Schott, C., & Marshall, S. (2018). Virtual reality and situated experiential education: A conceptualization and exploratory trial. Journal of computer-assisted learning, 34(6), 843-852. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12293
- Schroeder, S., Curcio, R., & Lundgren, L. (2019). Expanding the learning network: How teachers use Pinterest. Journal of research on technology in education, 51(2), 166-186.https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2019.1573354
- Sen, O., Fuad, M., Islam, M., Rabbi, J., Masud, M., Hasan, M., … & Iftee, M. (2022). Bangla natural language processing: a comprehensive analysis of classical, machine learning, and deep learning-based methods. Ieee Access, 10, 38999-39044. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3165563
- Shahzad, U., & Bilal, A. (2019). Twitter and Facebook usage for academic motivation among post-graduate students in Lahore, Pakistan. International and Public Affairs, 3(1), 20-24. 10.11648/j.ipa.20190301.14
- Shatto, B., & Erwin, K. (2016). Moving on from millennials: Preparing for generation Z. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 47(6), 253–254.
- https://doi.org/10.3928/00220124-20160518-05
- Shirky, C. (2011). The political power of social media: Technology, the public sphere, and political change. Foreign affairs, pp. 28–41. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25800379
- Smith, E. E., Kahlke, R., & Judd, T. (2020). Not just digital natives: Integrating technologies in professional education contexts. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 1–14.
- https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.5689
- Social Media User Statistics: How Many People Use Social Media?. SearchLogistics. (2023, December 21). Available at https://www.searchlogistics.com/learn/statistics/social-media-user-statistics/
- Sprague, D. R., Zumpano, N. M., Richardson, J. W., Williamson, J., & Gray, L. (2023). Technology Infusion and the Development of Practice: The Quest to Create DigitallyAble Teachers. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 23(1), 199-227. https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/221545/.
- Torres, C. I., Franco Casillas, S., Carranza Alcántar, M. D. R., & Jiménez Padilla, A. A. (2019). Representations of the digital skills of high school students: A qualitative research. Education and New Developments, 151–155. https://doi.org/10.36315/2019v1end032
- United Nations. (2023). The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2023. Retrieved from https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2023/The-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Report-2023.pdf
- Vizcaya-Moreno, M. F., & Pérez-Cañaveras, R. M. (2020). Social media used and teaching methods preferred by generation Z students in the nursing clinical learning environment:A cross-sectional research study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(21), 8267. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218267
- Vogels, E. A. (2019). Millennials stand out for their technology use, but older generations also embrace digital life.
- Vogels,E. A., Gelles-Watnick, R., & Massarat, N. (2022, December 15). Teens, social media and technology 2022. Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech. Retrieved February 26, 2023, from https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2022/08/10/teens-social-media-and-technology-2022/
- Warr, M. W., Driskell, S. O. S., Mouza, C., & Schmidt-Crawford, D. A. (2023). Curriculum design for technology infusion requires a continuous collaborative process. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education Journal, 23(1).
- Wiggins, G. P., & McTighe, J. (2005). Understanding by design. Ascd.
- Williams, C. A. (2019). Nurse educators meet your new students. Nurse Educator, 44(2), 59–60. https://doi.org/10.1097/nne.0000000000000637
- Williams, M. K., Christensen, R., McElroy, D., & Rutledge, D. (2023). Teacher self-efficacy in technology integration as a critical component in designing technology-infused teacher preparation programs. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 23(1), 228-259.
- Warr, M. & Mishra, P. (2023). Exploring Technological Contextual Knowing. In E. Langran, P. Christensen & J. Sanson (Eds.), Proceedings of Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 2506–2509). New Orleans, LA, United States: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Retrieved June 19, 2024, from https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/222232/.
- Watson, E. (2020). # Education: The potential impact of social media and hashtag ideology on the classroom. Research in Social Sciences and Technology, 5(2), 40–56. https://doi.org/10.46303/ressat.05.02.3
- Zinskie, C., & Griffin, M. (2020, October). Initial Teacher Preparation Faculty Views and Practices Regarding Social Media and Preservice Teachers. In SITE Interactive Conference (pp. 739-742). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education(AACE).