The Mediating Role of Dark Triad Personality Traits in the Relationship Between Childhood Traumas and Obsessive Beliefs


Abstract views: 531 / PDF downloads: 221

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52380/ijcer.2023.10.2.356

Keywords:

Childhood Traumas, Dark Triad Personality Traits, Obsessive Beliefs

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the relationship between childhood traumas, dark triad personality traits, and obsessive beliefs. Personal Information Form, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Short Dark Triad Scale, and Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire were used to collect data in the study. A total of 480 volunteers, of which 306 were female and 174 were male, participated in the study. Pearson Correlation Analysis, independent samples t-test, and Parallel Multiple Mediator Variable analysis were used for the analysis of the obtained data. The correlation analysis results showed that childhood traumas were significantly and positively associated with both dark triad personality traits and obsessive beliefs. Male participants' psychopathic personality traits mean scores were found to be significantly higher than those of females. Mediation analysis results show that the psychopathic personality traits had a mediating effect on the relationship between the physical and emotional neglect and abuse sub-dimensions of childhood traumas and obsessive beliefs. The findings were discussed vis-à-vis the available relevant literature and suggestions were presented.

References

Abramowitz, J. S., Khandker, M., Nelson, C. A., Deacon, B. J., & Rygwall, R. (2006). The role of cognitive factors in the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive symptoms: a prospective study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(9), 1361–1374. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.09.011

Acehan, S., Bilen, A., Oğuzhan Ay, M., Gülen, M., Avci, A., & İçme, F. (2013). Çocuk İstismarı ve İhmalinin Değerlendirilmesi. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi, 22(4), 591–614.

Adigüzel, V., Özdemir, N., & Şahin, Ş. K. (2019). Childhood traumas in euthymic bipolar disorder patients in Eastern Turkey and its relations with suicide risk and aggression. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 73(8), 490–496. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2019.1655589 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2019.1655589

Agralı Ermiş, S., Şahin, M. Y., & Demirus, B. (2018). The Adaptatıon Of Short Dark Trıad (Sd3) Inventory To The Turkısh Sample: The Study Of Valıdıty And Relıabılıty Kısa Karanlık Üçlü (Sd3) Envanteri’nin Türk Örneklemine Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Eğitim ve Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 138-156, 201856.

Aker, T. A., & Önder, M. E. (2003). Psikolojik Travma ve Sonuçları. İstanbul: 5US Yayınları.

Allen, B., & Lauterbach, D. (2007). Personality characteristics of adult survivors of childhood trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20(4), 587–595. https://doi.org/10.1002/20195 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20195

Anda, R. F., Brown, D. W., Dube, S. R., Bremner, J. D., Felitti, V. J., & Giles, W. H. (2008). Adverse childhood experiences and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 34(5), 396–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/2008.02.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2008.02.002

Aslan, S. H., & Alparslan, Z. N. (1999). Çocukluk Örselenme Yaşantıları Ölçeği’ nin Bir Üniversite öğrencisi Örnekleminde eçerlik, Güvenirlik ve Faktör Yapısı. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 10(4), 275285.

Atli Ozbas, A., Gurhan, N., & Kocak, M. (2013). The relation of traumatic childhood experiences with psychological symptoms and self-esteem in physical education and sport students. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise,15(3),79-85.

Ball, J. S., & Links, P. S. (2009). Borderline personality disorder and childhood trauma: evidence for a causal relationship. Current Psychiatry Reports, 11(1), 63–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11920-009-0010-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-009-0010-4

Barahmand, U., Tavakolian, E., & Alaei, S. (2014). Association of metacognitive beliefs, obsessive beliefs and symptom severity with quality of life in obsessive-compulsive patients. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 28(5), 345–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/2014.08.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2014.08.005

Bellis, M. A., Lowey, H., Leckenby, N., Hughes, K., & Harrison, D. (2014). Adverse childhood experiences: retrospective study to determine their impact on adult health behaviours and health outcomes in a UK population. Journal of Public Health, 36(1), 81–91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdt038

Bernstein, D. P., Fink, L., Handelsman, L., Foote, J., Lovejoy, M., Wenzel, K., & Ruggiero, J. (1994). Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 151(8), 1132–1136. https://doi.org/10.1176/.151.8.1132 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.151.8.1132

Bilge, Y., Tasar, M., Kilincoglu, B., Ozmen, S., & Tiras, lku. (2013). Socioeconomic status lower levels of parental knowledge about child abuse, neglect, experiences and discipline methods used. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 14(1), 27. doi:10.5455/apd.35949 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/apd.35949

Boden, J. M., Horwood, L. J., & Fergusson, D. M. (2007). Exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse and subsequent educational achievement outcomes. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31(10), 1101–1114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.03.022

Bostancı, N., Albayrak, B., Bakoğlu, İ., & Çoban, Ş. (2006). Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Çocukluk Çağı Travmalarının Depresif Belirtileri Üzerine Etkisi. Yeni Sempozyum Dergisi, 44(2), 100-106.

Boysan, M., Beşiroğlu, L., Çetinkaya, N., Atlı, A., & Aydın, A. (2010). Obsesif inanışlar ölçeği-44’ün (OİÖ-44) Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi, 47(3),216–222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4274/npa.5454

Büyükcebeci, A. (2019). “Çocukluk Çağı Örselenme Yaşantılarının Yaratıcı Kişilik Özellikleri ve Aleksitimi ile İlişkisi”, Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8 (4): 3187-3213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.547022

Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, A. K., Akgün, Ö. A., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2013). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri (14. Baskı), Ankara: Pegem Publishing

Briere, J., & Elliott, D. M. (2003). Prevalence and psychological sequelae of self-reported childhood physical and sexual abuse in a general population sample of men and women. Child Abuse and Neglect, 27(10), 1205–1222. https://doi.org/10.1016/ 2003.09.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2003.09.008

Briggs-Gowan, M. J., Carter, A. S., Clark, R., Augustyn, M., McCarthy, K. J., & Ford, J. D. (2010). Exposure to potentially traumatic events in early childhood: differential links to emergent psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 51(10), 1132–1140. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02256.x

Briggs, E. S., & Price, I. R. (2009). The relationship between adverse childhood experience and obsessive-compulsive symptoms and beliefs: the role of anxiety, depression, and experiential avoidance. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23(8), 1037–1046. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.07.004

Cairncross, M., Veselka, L., Schermer, J. A., & Vernon, P. A. (2013). A behavioral genetic analysis of alexithymia and the dark triad traits of personality. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 16(3), 690–697. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2013.19

Camadan, F., & Yazıcı, H. (2017). Üniversite öğrencilerinde gözlenen saldırganlık eğilimlerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Journal of Higher Education ve Science/ Yüksekögretim ve Bilim Dergisi, 7(2).

Carr, S., & Francıs, A. (2009). Childhood maltreatment and adult personality disorder symptoms in a non-clinical sample. Australian Psychologist, 44(3), 146–155. doi:10.1080/00050060903136847 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00050060903136847

Campbell, W. K., & Foster, C. A. (2002). Narcissism and commitment in romantic relationships: an investment model analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(4), 484–495. doi:10.1177/0146167202287006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167202287006

Carpenter, L., & Chung, M. C. (2011). Childhood trauma in obsessive compulsive disorder: The roles of alexithymia and attachment. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 84(4), 367–388. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.2010.02003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8341.2010.02003.x

Caspi, A., Vishne, T., Sasson, Y., Gross, R., Livne, A., & Zohar, J. (2008). Relationship between childhood sexual abuse and obsessive-compulsive disorder: Case control study. The Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 45, 177–182.

Çelikel, H., & Beşiroğlu, L. (2008). Klinik olmayan örneklemde çocukluk çağı travmatik yaşantıları, dissosiyasyon ve obsesif-kompulsif belirtiler. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 9(2), 75–83.

Chapman, D. P., Whitfield, C. L., Felitti, V. J., Dube, S. R., Edwards, V. J., & Anda, R. F. (2004). Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of depressive disorders in adulthood. Journal of Affective Disorders, 82(2), 217–225. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2003.12.013

Corso, P. S., Edwards, V. J., Fang, X., & Mercy, J. A. (2008). Health-related quality of life among adults who experienced maltreatment during childhood. American Journal of Public Health, 98(6), 1094. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2007.119826

Danese, A., Moffitt, T. E., Harrington, H. L., Milne, B. J., Polanczyk, G., Pariante, C. M., & Caspi, A. (2009). Adverse childhood experiences and adult risk factors for age-related disease: depression, inflammation, and clustering of metabolic risk markers. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 163(12), 1135–1143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.214

Davis, A.C., Farrell, A.H, Brittain, H., Krygsman, A., Arnocky S., & Vaillancourt, T. (2022). The dark triad and bullying in adolescence: A three-wave random intercept cross-lagged panel analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 96(2022), 104178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104178 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104178

De Bellis, M. D., & Zisk, A. (2014). The biological effects of childhood trauma. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 23(2), 185–222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2014.01.002

De Carvalho, H. W., Pereira, R., Frozi, J., Bisol, L. W., Ottoni, G. L., & Lara, D. R. (2015). Childhood trauma is associated with maladaptive personality traits. Child Abuse ve Neglect, 44, 18–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.10.013

Der Kolk, B. A. (2003). Psychological trauma. American Psychiatric Pub, 1, 1-30.

Donnelly, C. L. (2003). Pharmacologic treatment approaches for children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 12(2), 251–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00102-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00102-5

Dube, S. R., Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Chapman, D. P., Williamson, D. F., & Giles, W. H. (2001). Childhood abuse, household dysfunction, and the risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span: Findings from the adverse childhood experiences study. American Medical Association 286(24), 3089–3096. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.286.24.3089

Dube, S., Anda, R., Whıtfıeld, C., Brown, D., FelıttI, V., Dong, M., & Gıles, W. (2005). Long-term consequences of childhood sexual abuse by gender of victim. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28(5), 430–438. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2005.01.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2005.01.015

Elklit, A., Vangsgaard, L. A. G., Olsen, A. S. W., & Al Ali, S. (2019). Post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) symptoms in secondary stalked children of danish stalking survivors-a pilot study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(5). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050725

Ercin, Ü. (2020). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Çocukluk Çağı Örselenme Yaşantıları ile Çocukluklarında Algıladıkları Ebeveyn Tutumlarının Dark Triad Kişilik Özelliklerine Etkisi. Yayımlanmış yüksek lisans tezi. Haliç Üniversitesi, Eğitim Enstitüsü / Psikoloji Ana Bilim Dalı.

Ertaç, B. (2021). Yetişkin bireylerde obsesif inanış düzeyleri ile çocukluk çağı olumsuz yaşantıları, bilişsel çarpıtmalar ve ruminasyon arasındaki ilişkisinin incelenmesi. Yayımlanmış yüksek lisans tezi. İstanbul Kent Üniversitesi, Eğitim Enstitüsü / Psikoloji Ana Bilim Dalı.

Farina, A. S. J., Holzer, K. J., Delisi, M., & Vaughn, M. G. (2018). Childhood trauma and psychopathic features among juvenile offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 62(14), 1-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X18766491

Fehr, B., Samsom, D., & Paulhus, D. L. (1992). The construct of Machiavellianism: Twenty years later. In C. D. Spielberger & J. N. Butcher (Eds.), Advances in personality assessment (Vol. 9, pp. 77-116).

Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., & Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The adverse childhood experiences study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14(4), 245–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00017-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00017-8

Fidell, S., Tabachnick, B., Mestre, V., & Fidell, L. (2013). Aircraft noise-induced awakenings are more reasonably predicted from relative than from absolute sound exposure levels. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 134(5), 3645–3653. doi:10.1121/1.4823838 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4823838

Ford, J. (2016). Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents. Trauma Psychology: American Psychological Association. Division.

Frost, R., Steketee, G., Amir, N., Bouvard, M., Carmin, C., Clark, D. A., & Yaryura-Tobias, J. (1997). Cognitive assessment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35(7), 667–681. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00017-X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00017-X

George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference 11.0 update (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon

Giammarco, E. A., & Vernon, P. A. (2014). Vengeance and the Dark Triad: The role of empathy and perspective taking in trait forgivingness. Personality and Individual Differences, 67,23–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PAID.2014.02.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.02.010

Gipple, D. E., Lee, S. M. & Puig, A. (2006). Coping and dissociation among female college students: Reporting childhood abuse experiences. Journal of College Counseling, 9(1), 33-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1882.2006.tb00091.x

Graham, N., Kimonis, E. R., Wasserman, A. L., & Kline, S. M. (2012). Associations among childhood abuse and psychopathy facets in male sexual offenders. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 3(1), 66–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025605

Grummitt, L. R., Kelly, E. V., Barrett, E. L., Lawler, S., Prior, K., Stapinski, L. A., & Newton, N. C.(2021). Associations of childhood emotional and physical neglect with mental health and substance use in young adults. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 56(4),1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00048674211025691

Guler, Jessica, "The Relationship Among Previous Exposure to War and Conflict, Acculturation, and Identity Formation Among Adolescent Refugees" (2014). HIM 1990-2015. 1573.

Güler, N., Uzun, S., Boztaş, Z., & Aydoğan, S. (2002). Anneleri tarafından çocuklara uygulanan duygusal ve fiziksel istismar/ihmal davranışı ve bunu etkileyen faktörler. C. Ü. Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 24 (3), 128 – 134.

Gündüz, A., & Gündoğmuş, İ. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinde çocukluk çağı olumsuz yaşantıları ile otomatik düşünceler, ara inançlar, uyumsuz şemalar, anksiyete ve depresif belirti şiddeti ve yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişki. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 22(4), 424–435.

Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical Mediation Analysis in the New Millennium. Communication Monographs, 76, 408-420. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03637750903310360

Hayes, A. F. (2012). Process: A Versatile Computational Tool for Observed Variable Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Modeling.

Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and con-ditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Press, 51(3), 335-337. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jedm.12050

Herman, J. (2015). Travma ve İyileşme. Çeviri: Tamer Tosun. Istanbul: Literatür Yayınları.

Herrenkohl, T. I., Hong, S., Klika, J. B., Herrenkohl, R. C. & Russo, M. J. (2013). Developmental impacts of child abuse and neglect related to adult mental health, substance use, and physical health. Journal of Family Violence, 28(2), 191-199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-012-9474-9

Hopley, A. A., & Brunelle, C. (2012). Personality mediators of psychopathy and substance dependence in male offenders. Addictive Behaviors, 37(8), 947-955. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.03.031

Horesh, N., Sever, J., & Apter, A. (2003). A comparison of life events between suicidal adolescents with major depression and borderline personality disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 44(4), 277–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-440X(03)00091-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-440X(03)00091-9

Jakobwitz, S., & Egan, V. (2006). The dark triad and normal personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(2), 331–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PAID.2005.07.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.07.006

Janoff-Bulman, R. (1989). Assumptive Worlds and the Stress of Traumatic Events: Applications of the Schema Construct. Social Cognition, 7(2), 113–136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.1989.7.2.113

Jonason, P. K., Strosser, G. L., Kroll, C. H., Duineveld, J. J., & Baruffi, S. A. (2015). Valuing myself over others: The Dark Triad traits and moral and social values. Personality and Individual Differences, 81, 102–106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.10.045

Jonason, P. K., Koenig, B. L., & Tost, J. (2010). Living a Fast Life. Human Nature, 21(4), 428–442. doi:10.1007/s12110-010-9102-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-010-9102-4

Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Introducing the Short Dark Triad (SD3): A Brief Measure of Dark Personality Traits. Assessment, 21(1), 28–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191113514105

Kalmakis, K. A., & Chandler, G. E. (2015). Health consequences of adverse childhood experiences: a systematic review. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 27(8), 457–465. https://doi.org/10.1002/2327-6924.12215 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/2327-6924.12215

Karaaslan, N., & Gizir, C. A. (2021). Üniversite Öğrencilerinde İlişkisel Saldırganlık: Karanlık Üçlü Kişilik Özelliklerinin Rolü. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, (2), 361–389. https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.683683 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.683683

Karasar, N. (1995). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: Kavramlar, ilkeler, teknikler. Ankara Nobel Yayınları. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1501/Egifak_0000000399

Kendall-Tackett, K. (2002). The health effects of childhood abuse: four pathways by which abuse can influence health. Child Abuse ve Neglect, 26(6–7), 715–729. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00343-5

Kendall-Tackett, K. A., Williams, L. M., & Finkelhor, D. (1993). Impact of sexual abuse on children: a review and synthesis of recent empirical studies. Psychological Bulletin, 113(1), 164–180. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.113.1.164. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.113.1.164

Kiire, S. (2017). Psychopathy rather than Machiavellianism or narcissism facilitates intimate partner violence via fast life strategy. Personality and Individual Differences, 104,401–406. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.08.043 10.1016/j.paid.2016.08.043 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.08.043

Kircaburun, K., Jonason, P., Griffiths, M. D., Aslanargun, E., Emirtekin, E., Tosuntaş, Ş. B., & Billieux, J. (2019). Childhood Emotional Abuse and Cyberbullying Perpetration: The Role of Dark Personality Traits. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(21-22), 1-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519889930

Kong, S., & Bernstein, K. (2009). Childhood trauma as a predictor of eating psychopathology and its mediating variables in patients with eating disorders. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18(13), 1897–1907. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02740.x

Konkan, R., Şenormancı, Ö., Güçlü, O., Aydın, E., & Sungur, M. Z. (2012). Obsesif kompulsif bozukluk ve obsesif inançlar. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 13(2), 91–96.

Laporte, L., Paris, J., Guttman, H., & Russell, J. (2011). Psychopathology, Childhood Trauma, and Personality Traits in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder and Their Sisters. Journal of Personality Disorders, 25(4), 448–462. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2011.25.4.448

Lally, M., &Valentine-French, S. (t.y.). Lıfespan Development A Psychological Perspective SecondEdition.

Linley, P. A., & Joseph, S. (2004). Positive change following trauma and adversity: A review. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17(1), 11–21. doi:10.1023/b:jots.0000014671.27 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOTS.0000014671.27856.7e

Lochner, C., Du Toit, P. L., Zungu-Dirwayi, N., Marais, A., Van Kradenburg, J., Seedat, S., & Stein, D. J. (2002). Childhood trauma in obsessive-compulsive disorder, trichotillomania, and controls. Depression and Anxiety, 15(2), 66–68. https://doi.org/10.1002/DA.10028 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10028

Machado, C., Gonçalves, M., Matos, M., & Dias, A. R. (2007). Child and partner abuse: Self-reported prevalence and attitudes in the north of Portugal. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31(6), 657–670. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.11.002

Merlușcă, B.-I., & Chiracu, A. (2018). The role of adverse childhood experiences, self control and Dark Triad in the development of criminal behaviour. Correlative and differential aspects. Studia Doctoralia, 9(1), 18–37. https://doi.org/10.47040/SD0000055 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47040/sd0000055

Molnar, B. E., Buka, S. L., & Kessler, R. C. (2001). Child sexual abuse and subsequent psychopathology: results from the National Comorbidity Survey. American Journal of Public Health, 91(5), 753. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.91.5.753

Mullen, P. E., Martin, J. L., Anderson, J. C., Romans, S. E., & Herbison, G. P. (1996). The long-term impact of the physical, emotional, and sexual abuse of children: a community study. Child Abuse ve Neglect, 20(1), 7–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(95)00112-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(95)00112-3

Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., Otgaar, H., & Meijer, E. (2017). The Malevolent Side of Human Nature: A Meta-Analysis and Critical Review of the Literature on the Dark Triad (Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and Psychopathy). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(2), 183–204. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616666070. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616666070

Norman, R. E., Byambaa, M., De, R., Butchart, A., Scott, J., & Vos, T. (2012). The Long-Term Health Consequences of Child Physical Abuse, Emotional Abuse, and Neglect: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLOS Medicine, 9(11): : e1001349. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001349

Oral, R., Can, D., Kaplan, S., Polat, S., Ates, N., Cetin, G., & Tiras, B. (2001). Child abuse in Turkey: an experience in overcoming denial and a description of 50 cases. Child Abuse ve Neglect, 25(2), 279–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(00)00241-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(00)00241-6

Örsel, S., Karadağ, H., Kahiloğulları, K. A., & Aktaş, A. E. (2011). Psikiyatri hastalarında çocukluk çağı travmalarının sıklığı ve psikopatoloji ile ilişkisi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi,12(2),130–136.

Özsoy, E., & Ardıç, K. (2017). Karanlık Üçlü’nün (Narsisizm, Makyavelizm Ve Psikopati) İş Tatminine Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 391–406. https://doi.org/10.18657/Yonveek.297733 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.297733

Pailing, A., Boon, J., & Egan, V. (2014). Personality, the Dark Triad and violence. Personality and Individual Differences, 67, 81–86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.11.018

Pala, B., Ünalacak, M., & İünlüoğlu, İ. (2011). Çocuklara kötü muamele: İstismar ve ihmal. Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 38(1), 467–473.

Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M. (2002). The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36(6), 556–563. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6

Purdon, C., & Clark, D. A. (1993). Obsessive intrusive thoughts in nonclinical subjects. Part I. Content and relation with depressive, anxious and obsessional symptoms. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31(8), 713–720. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(93)90001-B

Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879–891. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879

Rachman, Stanley. (1998). A cognitive theory of obsessions: Elaborations. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(4), 385–401Rauthmann, J. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(97)10041-9

F., ve Kolar, G. P. (2012). How “dark” are the Dark Triad traits? Examining the perceived darkness of narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(7), 884–889. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.06.020

Regier, D. A., Kuhl, E. A., & Kupfer, D. J. (2013). The DSM-5: Classification and criteria changes. World Psychiatry, 12(2), 92–98. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20050 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20050

Roberts, B. W., Walton, K. E., & Viechtbauer, W. (2006). Patterns of mean-level change in personality traits across the life course: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 132(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.1.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.1.1

Sansone, R. A., Sansone, L. A., & Gaither, G. A. (2004). Multiple types of childhood trauma and borderline personality symptomatology among a sample of diabetic patients. Traumatology, 10(4), 257–266. https://doi.org/10.1177/153476560401000405 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/153476560401000405

Salkovskis, P. M., & McGuire, J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral theory of obsessivecompulsive disorder. In: R. Menzies & P. De Silva (Eds.), Obsessive-compulsive disorder: theory, research, and treatment (pp. 59–78). Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Satıcı, S. A., Kayiş, A. R., Yılmaz, M. F., & Eraslan-Çapan, B. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinde karanlık üçlü kişilik özellikleri ile dürtüsellik ve heyecan arama davranışları arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 9 (54), 857–881.

Semiz, U. B., Inanc, L., & Bezgin, C. H. (2014). Are trauma and dissociation related to treatment resistance in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder? Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 49(8), 1287–1296. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00127-013-0787-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-013-0787-7

Senormancı, O., Guclu, O., & Zihni Sungur, M. (2012). Obsesif kompulsif bozukluk ve obsesif inançlar. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 13, 91-96.

Schimmenti, A., Di Carlo, G., Passanisi, A., & Caretti, V. (2015). Abuse in childhood and psychopathic traits in a sample of violent offenders. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 7(4), 340–347. doi:10.1037/tra0000023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000023

Shams, G., & Milosevic, I. (2015). A Comparative Study of Obsessive Beliefs in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Anxiety Disorder Patients and a Normal Group. Acta MedicaIranica,53(5),301–310

Shonk, S. M., & Cicchetti, D. (2001). Maltreatment, competency deficits, and risk for academic and behavioral maladjustment. Developmental Psychology, 37(1), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.37.1.3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.37.1.3

Silk, K. R., Lee, S., Hill, E. M., & Lohr, N. E. (1995). Borderline personality disorder symptoms and severity of sexual abuse. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 152(7), 1059–1064. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.152.7.1059

Spinhoven, P., Elzinga, B. M., Van Hemert, A. M., De Rooij, M., & Penninx, B. W. (2016). Childhood maltreatment, maladaptive personality types and level and course of psychological distress: A six-year longitudinal study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 191, 100–108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.036

Springer, K. W., Sheridan, J., Kuo, D., & Carnes, M. (2007). Long-term physical and mental health consequences of childhood physical abuse: Results from a large population-based sample of men and women. Child Abuse and Neglect, 31(5), 517. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.01.003

Steketee, G., Frost, R., Amir, N., Bouvard, M., Carmin, C., Clark, D. A., & Yaryura–Tobias, J. (2001). Development and initial validation of the obsessive beliefs questionnaire and the interpretation of intrusions inventory. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39(8), 987–1006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(00)00085-1

Steketee, G., Frost, R., Bhar, S., Bouvard, M., Calamari, J., Carmin, C., & Yaryura-Tobias, J. (2003). Psychometric validation of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire and the Interpretation of Intrusions Inventory: Part I. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41(8), 863–878. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(02)00099-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(02)00099-2

Steketee, G., Frost, R., Bhar, S., Bouvard, M., Calamari, J., Carmin, C., & Yaryura-Tobias, J. (2005). Psychometric validation of the obsessive belief questionnaire and interpretation of intrusions inventory--Part 2: Factor analyses and testing of a brief version. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43(11), 1527–1542. https://doi.org/10.1016/.2004.07.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2004.07.010

Szabó, E., & Jones, D. N. (2019). Gender differences moderate Machiavellianism and impulsivity: Implications for Dark Triad research. Personality and Individual Differences, 141, 160–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/.2019.01.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.01.008

Taylor, G. J. (2000). Recent developments in alexithymia theory and research. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie, 45(2), 134–142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370004500203

Tolin, D. F., Woods, C. M., & Abramowitz, J. S. (2003). Relationship between obsessive beliefs and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27(6), 657–669. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026351711837

Tolin, D. F., Worhunsky, P., & Maltby, N. (2006). Are “obsessive” beliefs specific to OCD?: a comparison across anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(4),469–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BRAT.2005.03.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.03.007

Travma Sonrası Stres (t.y.). Ruhsal Travmanın Etkileri ve Çareleri, Hastalar ve Yakınları İçin Rehber, Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği, Anksiyete Bozuklukları Bilimsel Çalışma Birimi. Erişim Adresi: https://psikiyatri.org.tr/halka-yonelik/28/travma-sonrasi-stres-bozuklugu (19.01.2022)

Tümkaya, S., Karadağ, R. F., & Oğuzanoğlu, N. (2015). Obsesif Kompulsif Bozukluklu Hastalarda Obsesif İnançların Belirtilerle İlişkisi. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi, 52(1), 54–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4274/npa.y7015

Uysal, A. N. (2016). Predicting relationship satisfaction: Dark triad personality traits, love attitudes, attachment dimensions (Doğuş Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü). Doğuş Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.

Van Geel, M., Goemans, A., Toprak, F., & Vedder, P. (2017). Which personality traits are related to traditional bullying and cyberbullying? A study with the Big Five, Dark Triad and sadism. Personality and Individual Differences, 106, 231–235. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.10.063

Violence Prevention Alliance Approach. (t.y). World Health Organization. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/groups/violence-prevention-alliance/approach(19.01.2022).

Von Hippel, C., Sekaquaptewa, D., & McFarlane, M. (2015). Stereotype threat among women in finance: Negative effects on identity, workplace well-being, and recruiting. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 39(3), 405-414. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684315574501

Webb, M., Heisler, D., Call, S., Chickering, S. A. & Colburn, T. A. (2007). Shame, guilt, symptoms of depression, and reported history of psychological maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31(11), 1143-1153. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.09.003

Whitfield, C. L., Anda, R. F., Dube, S. R., & Felitti, V. J. (2003). Violent Childhood Experiences and the Risk of Intimate Partner Violence in Adults Assessment in a Large Health Maintenance Organization. Journal Of Interpersonal Vıolence, 18(2), 166–185. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260502238733 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260502238733

WHO. (2006). Preventing child maltreatment : a guide to taking action and generating evidence / World Health Organization and International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (p. "This document was written by Alexander Butchart a). p. "This document was written by Alexander Butchart a. World Health Organization.

Widom, C. S. (1999). Posttraumatic stress disorder in abused and neglected children grown up. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 156(8), 1223–1229. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.156.8.1223

Xie, P., Wu, K., Zheng, Y., Guo, Y., Yang, Y., He, J., & Peng, H. (2018). Prevalence of childhood trauma and correlations between childhood trauma, suicidal ideation, and social support in patients with depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia in southern China. Journal of Affective Disorders, 228, 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAD.2017.11.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.011

Yener, Ö. (2017). Travma Sonrası Gelişim, Büyüme, Kimlik Gelişimi ve Sosyal İlişkiler, Social Science Studies, 5 (4), 858-872. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18301/rss.466

Yen, S., Pagano, M. E., Shea, M. T., Gunderson, J. G., McGlashan, T. H., Sanislow, C. A., & Zanarini, M. C. (2005). Recent Life Events Preceding Suicide Attempts in a Personality Disorder Sample: Findings from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(1), 99. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.73.1.99 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.73.1.99

Zhang, H., Han,T., Ma,S.,Qu, G.,Zhao, T.,Ding, X.,Sun, L., Qin, Q.,Chen, M., & Sun, Y.(2022). Association of child maltreatment and bullying victimization among Chinese adolescents: The mediating role of family function, resilience and anxiety. Journal of Affective Disorders, 299(2022), 12-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.053. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.053

Zhang, S., Lin, X., Liu, J., Pan, Y., Zeng, X., Chen, F., & Wu, J. (2020). Prevalence of childhood trauma measured by the short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire in people with substance use disorder: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry research, 113524. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113524

Z-Page, A. (2004). Çocuk cinsel istismarı: cinsel istismara neden olan etkenler ve cinsel istismarın çocuklar üzerindeki etkileri. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 7(13), 103–113.

Downloads

Published

26.06.2023

How to Cite

Çakmak Tolan, Özlem. (2023). The Mediating Role of Dark Triad Personality Traits in the Relationship Between Childhood Traumas and Obsessive Beliefs. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 10(2), 424–441. https://doi.org/10.52380/ijcer.2023.10.2.356

Issue

Section

Articles